Assessing a Student Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Surveying a Student - Personal Statement Example In light of the appraisal table over, the normal score for the understudy is 2.67. The scores from the capable mirror that there are regions that the understudy needs support. These incorporate critical thinking abilities, self-commitment, activity taking, and dynamic. For this situation, the methodologies that an instructor ought to embrace incorporate understanding the individual needs of the understudies, ensuring that the understudies realize what is happening in class, and urging understudies to take part in class exercises. On account of this understudy, separation is significant since he is by all accounts an underneath normal understudy. All together for the educator to improve the presentation of the understudy, he should set various undertakings for the understudy dependent on the exhibition of the understudy. Additionally, the educator should set distinctive open-finished assignments so as to evaluate the capacities of the understudy at various levels. The various types of developmental evaluations that the instructor should use to measure the presentation of the understudy incorporate addressing, conversations, peer/self-coordinators, think pair share, and useful tests. May, K. (2005). Showing Strategies for Asperger Students. Recovered from

Abraham the King

Section One1. Clarify the hugeness of the parrot and the mockingbird toward the start of this chapter.2. For what reason would Chopin have thought it critical to remember this detail for her concise notice of the childrens nurse?3. For what reason would Ponterllier believe his suntanned spouse to be a Å"damaged bit of property?4. Who is Robert Lebrun?5. What is his relationship with Edna?Chapter Two1. Portray Edna Pontellier.2. What sort of individual is Robert Lebrun?3. What move in perspective is apparent in Chapter Two?4. What do you find out about Robert and Edna from their discussion toward the finish of this chapter?Chapter Three1. How does Leonces conduct when he comes back from the Klein Hotel uncover his mentality toward his wife?2. What is the main sign that Edna isn't totally content with her life as it is?3. Examine how sounds are utilized as a setting to the location of difference among Leonce and Enda?4. How do the blessings Edna gets from her significant other represen t her marriage and most relationships of this time?Chapter Four1. Portray the unordinary idea of the connection among Edna and her children.2. What is Chopin inferring by this depiction: Å"They were ladies who loved their youngsters, venerated their spouses, and regarded it a sacred benefit to destroy themselves as people and develop wings as serving blessed messengers. 3. Who is Adele Ratingnolle, and how is she the encapsulation of the Å"mother-woman ?4. How does the way that Edna is anything but a Creole influence her relationship with others on Grand Isle?Chapter Five1. How does Roberts conduct toward Edna fit the example of Medieval and Renaissance elegant love?2.What is the contrast between Roberts present considerations to Edna and his past considerations to Adele Ratignolle?3. Contrast Ednas outlining and Adeles sewing.4. What exactly convention is Chopin alluding when she has Edna contrast Adele with a Madonna?5. What is amusing about the simile?Chapter Six1. What is cri tical about Ednas first saying she would not like to swim with Robert and afterward consenting to go?2. How is the ocean utilized emblematically in this chapter?Chapter Seven1. How are Edna Pontellier and Adele Ratignolle differentiated in this chapter?2. What does the way to the sea shore represent in this chapter?3. What is the centrality of the woman dressed in dark and the two sweethearts in this chapter?4. What does the flashback to Ednas youth uncover to the reader?5. What do you find out about Edna as an individual, given the purposes behind her union with Leonce?6. Å"She became attached to her better half, acknowledging with some untouchable fulfillment that no hint of enthusiasm or unnecessary and invented warmth shaded her friendship,, in this manner undermining its disintegration.  How does the storytellers omniscience uncover Ednas sentiments about marriage and close connections?

Are We Getting Used to School Violence

The mere fact of school violence is quite disturbing. And the constant reports from the US Department of Education and Justice, as well as from National Council on Crime and Delinquency and the Nation of Crimes, which show the rise of the school violence, do not make the truth about this phenomenon any less grim. Some facts, provided by the Department of Education reveal the horrible reality most people prefer to ignore. 5 Facts That Will Shatter Your Heart An average teenager is two times more likely to become a victim of a violent crime than a person of any other age category. Unlike children, teenagers do not get enough protection from their parents (and sometimes even when parents try to protect them, teenagers reject their help), unlike most adults, they are not stable emotionally and mentally and that is why among all age categories teenagers are most vulnerable both mentally and physically. For Americans, aged from fifteen to twenty-four, violence is one of the most common causes of death. And that is not to mention suicides, caused by bullying. Selling drugs to students is also a particular kind of violence, no matter how weird it might sound. And according to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, yet in year 2000 over 29% of high school students reported on somebody selling, offering or giving them illegal drugs on school territory. During the last year, the number of thefts in USA, which took place on school property, went over 2 million. It proves that children may feel safer from thieves on the streets than at school. Every seven days one homicide event happens within schools of the USA. It is possibly related to the fact that, according to statistics, during the last year one school boy out of five brought weapon to school (at least once). Teachers Would Rather Get Away It is bad enough to view the statistics of how school violence harms teenagers and children. But well, when teachers express desire to leave their occupation because they fear for their safety – it is even worse. And that is exactly what happens in Belgium, according to recent scientific study. You might say – well, at least, it doesn’t happen in USA, but perhaps we just need to make a survey in order to discover the same tendency in our country. The government needs to take immediate and effective measures to cope with the situation – at the same time, the increase of the school violence and of the quantity of crimes at school depends on our actions as well. Students should be taught to report to administration any school violence expression they see – and perhaps it will also help to lower the rate of violence at schools. 4.00 avg. rating (86% score) - 1 vote

My Wish For A Wish Granted - 810 Words

A Wish Granted â€Å"I wish you’d die,† I whispered that on the night of July 22, 2013. I lay in bed thinking about my, unfortunately, biological father. I was comparing him to my step-dad. Did I think he could’ve ever been as close of a father like my step-dad? A few days ago, he had promised to pick me up earlier that evening so that we could spend a whole day together the following day, but he never showed up. Many times this had happened and I couldn’t take it anymore longer. I looked at the clock and it ticked slowly, it seemed to be more tired than I was. A second seemed like a minute, a minute seemed like an hour, the night seemed like an eternity. I anxiously waited for sleep to engulf me. Hours later when the night sky was no longer black, like the ocean without the sun, but dark blue with only a few stars left to see, I was finally falling asleep. All of a sudden a cold, harsh breeze flew in through my window and it frightened me so much that it made me a statute. For the rest of that night I sat in bed preoccupied with my thoughts. When the sunlight gradually brought light to the world, I could hear my grandmother getting ready to start another day of housewife chores. She would make breakfast, clean the house, and even water the plants. I rose from bed when I heard my grandmother in the kitchen. The rich, familiar smell of hot chocolate penetrated the house. After an exchange of â€Å"good morning† I took a seat at the dining table. â€Å"What are you doing up soShow MoreRelatedMake A Wish Foundation964 Words   |  4 PagesMake A Wish Foundation Make A Wish Foundation helps children all over the United States and its other regions. They find a child with a condition that is very serious and terrifying to them and grant them a wish. This changes that child’s whole life because it shows that these people and that other people around the world care for them like their family does. It gives them the hope and faith they need to keep going and never give up in life. These children are diagnosed at a very young age and theRead MoreThe Make A Wishes Foundation Helps Young Kids With Life Threatening Diseases1058 Words   |  5 Pageswhite letters reads â€Å"Giving back to Make-A-Wish meant a lot to me† and above, a big blue box which says â€Å"DONATE.† The Make-A-Wish Foundation helps young kids with life threatening diseases to make a wish and be granted said wish, which will, hopefully, make a difference in children s lives. The main claim that the website seems to bring out is that â€Å"any kid with life threatening diseases can make a wish and we will do everything in their power to make that wish come true. With the help of your donationsRead MoreThe I Have For My Grandpa875 Words   |  4 PagesThe Love I have for my Grandpa The death of my grandfather taught me some things about my life that I did not realize before. My grandpa was an outstanding, generous man. He was a selfless person, and always put others needs before his. I wish I would have realized how fast time goes by when I was younger. Now that I am older I have learned to cherish the moments spent with loved ones, make more time for family and not take time for granted. I have organized my paper into three main parts. MakingRead MoreMake a Wish Foundation1066 Words   |  5 PagesFulfilling a Child’s Wish Imagine the joy of finally becoming a parent. All the time, effort and dreams created with each new life. Imagine holding that perfect bundle of joy in your hands and looking into those eyes; seeing all the possibilities and future dreams in that one tiny gift God has given you. Imagine now those same eyes, looking at you from a hospital bed and hearing the doctors tell you that your child, your precious gift, is terminal. At that one moment, how many dreams wouldRead More Fearful Wishing The Monkeys Paw Essays844 Words   |  4 Pagesnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;What if in this world there is an item that can grant anybody any three wishes? There may even be serious and dangerous consequences to every wish. The strange thing about the ability to get any three wishes that one wants is that its true.quot;The monkeys pawquot; written by W.W. Jacobs uses the well known story of being granted 3 wishes but puts a twist on the story creating a horror type story. In the small parlor of Lakesnam Villa a visitor comes named Sergeant Major Morris. TheRead MoreAnalysis Of The Monkeys Paw And The Third Wish822 Words   |  4 Pagessaid, â€Å"If there’s a single lesson that life teaches us, it’s that wishing doesn’t make it so.† His words about making wishes can be seen throughout W.W Jacobs short story, â€Å"The Monkey’s Paw†, and â€Å"The Third Wish† by Joan Aiken. Both authors use the plot to prove that; wishes that are granted are never the best for you and is put throughout both short stories. However, Jacob develops the theme better than Aiken. For instance, â€Å"The Monkey’s Paw† is based on an object named the monkeys paw. The authorRead MoreTyler J. Torgensen. Professor Roxana Russo. Enc 1101 –963 Words   |  4 PagesFebruary 2017 How does Make-A-Wish help those in need? Make-A-Wish is one of the most well-known charities in the world for giving dying children one last wish and making it come true for them. I remember in middle school one of my friend’s brothers had cancer and so his parents reached out to Make-A-Wish to try and give their son a happy memory that he could cherish for the rest of his life. He wished he could ride in a monster truck so the people at Make-A-Wish had it arranged and they reachedRead MoreThe Power Of Power1175 Words   |  5 Pagesgloves held two stones. The two stones were small, shiny, and silver, each inscripted with an unknown dialect and were the type of rock you would find by the edge of a roaring river. The figure spoke. It said, â€Å"You have been chosen. You shall be granted one wish. Use it wisely, for there has never been a mortal who hasn’t wasted their wishes.† The older brother spoke automatically. Avarice asked, â€Å"Anything?† â€Å"Anything,† replied the figure. With excitement and greed, Avarice quickly said, Read MoreThe Average Life Expectancy For A Human873 Words   |  4 Pagesold right? Well you’re sadly mistaken. I believe none of my peers would not be able to nor wish to adopt the habits practiced by people who live in blue zones because of their eating habits, type of lifestyle that they live, and willingness to undergo changes. My peers would not be able to nor wish to adopt the habit of people who live in blue zones because of their eating habits. Most of my peers are teenagers. Which means they do not wish to cook nor eat healthy food. Teenagers tend to eat foodRead MoreUpon his grandfathers death, it fell to Samuel to sort through former possessions. Samuel found1200 Words   |  5 Pagesdown at him and grinned. Samuel, the dragon spoke in a deep, booming voice, by touching the arcane tablet, you have summoned me from the realm of spirits. I have awoken in order to grant you three wishes. Only when your wishes have been granted, may I return to my slumber. Samuel was stunned, his mind reeling as he struggled to come to grips with what he was experiencing. Is this a dream? Am I hallucinating? When he finally got a hold of himself, he turned his attention back to the dragon head floating

Great Expectations By Charles Dickens - 943 Words

Great Expectations written by Charles Dickens consist of many dynamic characters and literary elements that help develop the novel. Dickens introduces the life of the main character, Phillip Pirrip better known as Pip, as he works his way up in society. Along the way, Pip encounters many minor characters such as Biddy to help realize his full potential. Through the use of several literary devices, for example, characterization, conflict, and imagery, we take a young naà ¯ve boy and develop him into a gentleman of â€Å"great expectations.† As an infant, Pip’s mother and father along with five of his brothers passed away. His older sister and her husband, Mr. and Mrs. Joe Gargery, took him in and was then â€Å"brought up by hand† in a small†¦show more content†¦He immediately wanted to change from being a common boy to the most uncommon boy there was. His first step in becoming uncommon was to ask Biddy if she would teach him all she knew, Biddy happily agreed. Biddy started with imparting some information from her catalogue of prices and then would lend her large old English D to Pip for him to copy at home. Although Pip found that it would take some time and be quite challenging to become uncommon, he still found the courage to persist on as long as Biddy was by his side. As Pip got older, he was no longer able to return to Mr. Wopsle’s great-aunt’s school and the tutoring sessions with Biddy ended; he retained all of Biddy’s knowledge from the catalogues of prices to a comic song. Biddy has affected Pip in many positive ways, she was his first teacher and taught him how to read and write and made him realize he must work hard for what he wants. But most importantly, she was his first friend, according to Pip, â€Å"I reposed complete confidence in no one but Biddy; but I told poor Biddy everything. Why it came natural for me to do so, and why Biddy has a deep concern in everything I told her, I did not kno w then, though I think I know now† (Chapter 12, Page 101). She has also made Pip feel confident with what he has learned over the years and with that newly found confidence, worthy of respect. AShow MoreRelatedGreat Expectations By Charles Dickens1113 Words   |  5 Pagesadventures that the male characters go on. This seems to be relevant in a lot of movies and books like the story Great Expectations by Charles Dickens. In Great Expectations there are multiple female characters like Estella, Biddy, and Miss Havisham who all play a large part in the main character, Pip’s life. One of the first that we meet the character Estella in Charles Dickens’ Great Expectations is when Pip goes to Miss Havisham’s to play with her. The two kids play the game beggar my neighbor when EstellaRead MoreGreat Expectations By Charles Dickens1347 Words   |  6 Pagespoor status of the economy, social mobility does not seem to be occurring at high rates, with the poor getting poorer and rich getting richer. Despite this, social mobility is alive and well, and has been for centuries. In his novel, Great Expectations, Charles Dickens voices the concerns of many that lived in Victorian England during the 19th century by promoting such a desire to live life in a more prosperous social class. One of the most fundamental and reoccurring themes in the novel is that ofRead MoreGreat Expectations By Charles Dickens1426 Words   |  6 Pages Twelve-year-old Charles dickens gets ready for bed after a long day at the blacking house. These Victorian-aged memories will provide him with many ideas for his highly acclaimed novel Great Expectations. Set in 1830 England, Great Expectations is a coming-of-age story about a common innocent boy named Pip and his road to becoming a gentleman through the influence of others. Pip is influenced both positively and negatively by Estella, Herbert, and Magwitch. Estella left a huge impression on PipRead MoreGreat Expectations by Charles Dickens984 Words   |  4 PagesCharles Dickens utilizes his life for inspiration for the protagonist Pip in his novel Great Expectations. They both struggle with their social standing. Dickens loved plays and theatre and therefore incorporated them into Pip’s life. Dickens died happy in the middle class and Pip died happy in the middle class. The connection Dickens makes with his life to Pip’s life is undeniable. If readers understand Dickens and his upbringing then readers can understand how and why he created Pip’s upbringingRead MoreCharles Dickens Great Expectations943 Words   |  4 Pages This is true in many cases but none as much as in Great Expectations. In many ways the narrator/protagonist Pip is Charles Dickens in body and mind. While there are many differences between the story and Charles Dickens life there remains one constant. This constant is the way Pip as the narra tor feels, because these feelings are Dickens s own feelings about the life he lead. Since Great Expectations was written towards end of Charles Dickens life, he was wiser and able to make out the mistakesRead MoreGreat Expectations By Charles Dickens1375 Words   |  6 PagesGreat Expectations by Charles Dickens and The Talented Mr Ripley by Anthony Minghella present similar criticisms of society to a large extent. Both of these texts consider the criticisms of rich social contexts (wealth and status), societal morality (whether a society is good or not. Status [can lead to the wrong people being in a high position i.e. making bad decisions affecting the community/society] Appearance [society appears to be moral/good (if you’re from a higher status) {dickens criticisesRead MoreCharles Dickens Great Expectations1344 Words   |  6 Pagessomething that is not what they truly need? Often, they use social class to fill a void in their lives that can not be filled by materiali stic possessions. Many people realize this, but it is often too late. Charles Dickens demonstrates the effects of social climbing in his novel, Great Expectations. This novel explores the connections and effects of human nature and society, which are the two most powerful forces that guide people’s decisions. Some may say that social climbing is good, but as will beRead MoreCharles Dickens Great Expectations1223 Words   |  5 PagesBeloved author Charles Dickens was born on February 7, 1812 in Portsmouth, England. Growing up in a life of poverty, his childhood hardships provided the inspiration to write a myriad of classic novels including his 1861 seminole masterpiece, Great Expectations (â€Å"BBC History - Charles Dickens†). Great Expectations follows the life of an orphan named Pip, who’s perspective of the world is altered when he is attacked by an escaped convict in his parents’ graveyard in the town of Kent. Throughout hisRead MoreGreat Expectat ions by Charles Dickens1285 Words   |  6 PagesAP Great Book Assignment: Great Expectations The 544-page, Bildungsroman novel, Great Expectations, by Charles Dickens is considered a classic because it has stood the test of time, appealing to generation after generation of readers while still remaining relevant to them. Published in 1861, Dickens created a coming-of-age story that is similar to his other novel, David Copperfield, but Great Expectations is considered to have reflected parts of his own life. There are several parallels betweenRead MoreGreat Expectations By Charles Dickens924 Words   |  4 Pagesa character driven novel, or a mix of the two. In order for a novel to be character driven, it must revolve more around the characters’ individual thoughts, feelings, and inner struggles, rather than around the quest of the story. Great Expectations, by Charles Dickens, is a character driven novel. While the story does have a plot, it is not contingent upon that plot, but rather is reliant upon its characters and their natures. This is evident from the beginni ng of the novel. From the opening of

Corporate Law Markets and Financial Services

Question: Discuss about the Corporate Law for Markets and Financial Services. Answer: Role of ASIC Highlighting its Investigative Powers Introduction The corporate, markets and financial services regulator of Australia is known as the ASIC (Australian Securities and Investments Commission). The principal role of ASIC is to contribute towards the economic reputation and wellbeing of the financial market of Australia by ensuring fairness and transparency that is supported by informed and confident investors and consumers (Asic.gov.au, 2016). The ASIC was established under the ASIC Act 2001 that has mandated that it should maintain, improve and facilitate the execution of the monetary framework and substances in Australia. There are three principal priorities of ASIC as highlighted below: To advance buyer and investor with trust and certainty; To guarantee reasonable, systematic and straightforward markets; To give proficient and available enlistment. All these are exercised by the ASIC in the implementation of its investigative powers and these shall be analyzed in this research paper. Analysis Advancing Buyer and Investor with Trust and Certainty Since 1991, ASIC has taken several steps for regulation of financial markets, securities and futures of over 1.3 million corporations and also successfully added to superannuation, insurance and deposit and credit ratio in the discharge of their responsibilities. ASIC exercises certain powers in the course of its operations and working. The legislations that ASIC takes care of are the Corporations Act 2001, the ASIC Act 2001, the Insurance Contracts Act 1984, the Superannuation Industry (Supervision) Act 1993 and the Life Insurance Act 1995. ASIC possesses powers to investigate breach of laws and also has the power to initiate a civil or criminal proceeding against a person who is liable under the said laws (Rich v Australian Securities and Investments Commission, [2004]). The investigative powers are derived by the ASIC under Section 13 of the ASIC Act. This empowers the body to take up an independent and formal investigation procedure whenever a breach of law is committed in any corporate entity. As soon as an investigation under Section 13 starts, the ASIC also has the power under Section 19 to ask any person for appearance and also call out for relevant information that is persistent with the investigation in question (Findlaw.com.au, 2016). Under Section 29, a watchdog can get into inspection of the books of the company. As and when it finds necessary, under Section 30, ASIC can issue a notice to demand a company and other people in association with the company to produce the books of accounts of the company (Australian Securities and Investments Commission v Lanepoint Enterprises Pty Ltd (Receivers and Managers Appointed), [2011]). Giving Guarantee Reasonable, Systematic and Straightforward Markets In case the company refrains from opening up its books of accounts even after these, then the ASIC has the authority to issue a court order from a judge or an equity of peace. The watchdog is also empowered with the right to issue a search warrant under his general powers as enshrined in the Crimes Act 1914 (Macleod v Australian Securities and Investments Commission, [2002]). The investigation powers of the ASIC sees its implementation in three distinct phases. Proactive Governance, Risk and Compliance (GRC) practices and rigorous monitoring and supervision of those practices may assist in limiting the scope of regulator investigations or avoid investigations altogether. The corporate entities at this stage need to review their existing GRC advice framework so that gaps in the matter can be identified and effective strategies can be framed by them in such a way that it forms a part of their preparation for surveillance requirements and further investigations that are taken up by ASIC in the course of their working (Belot, 2016). Giving Proficient and Available enlistment Once an enforcement action is taken up by ASIC there are certain concerns that arise in its own domain. These complaints need to be addressed in those instances. The ASIC hence engages in surveillance mechanisms and also takes up referral from other regulator reports under Section 912D of the Act. A basic stride amid this stage might be the willful remediation steps embraced by a licensee and/or misfortune alleviation ventures because of ASIC's worries (to the degree these worries are known). These underlying strides can be basic in future arrangements with ASIC amid an authorization stage (The Conversation, 2016). Understanding the obligations under the policy is extremely important to be noted in these matters. ASIC makes an assurance that the worry warrants a formal examination. Amid this stage, ASIC may likewise assemble for conferences with the licensee, issue sees for data, may look for formal reactions on specific issues raised by ASIC identifying with its worries, may look for reactions as detailed reports and/or may try to hold formal examinations with key people of interest (Findlaw.com.au, 2016). Conclusion As a component of its examinations or prerequisites on licensees to address ASIC's worries, ASIC may ask for the licensee to orchestrate a free audit of its customer records (Australian Securities and Investments Commission v Edensor Nominees Pty Ltd, [2001]). This might be consented to deliberately, through an authoritative plan, or in accordance with an enforceable undertaking. While such an audit would for the most part frame part of the examination or requirement stage, there are some particular matters that should be considered when the ASIC examination includes checking on customer records. It can be stated that the purpose for which ASIC was established has been taken off by the body in totality and the way it has been working proves its efficiency in itself. References Asic.gov.au. (2016).Our role | ASIC - Australian Securities and Investments Commission. [online] Available at: https://asic.gov.au/about-asic/what-we-do/our-role/ [Accessed 29 Sep. 2016]. Australian Securities and Investments Commission v Lanepoint Enterprises Pty Ltd (Receivers and Managers Appointed)[2011]HCA p.8. Australian Securities and Investments Commission v Edensor Nominees Pty Ltd[2001]HCA p.1. Belot, H. (2016).Public service red-tape blamed for ASIC's limited investigative powers. [online] Canberra Times. Available at: https://www.canberratimes.com.au/national/public-service/public-service-redtape-blamed-for-asics-limited-investigative-powers-20160420-gob18b.html [Accessed 29 Sep. 2016]. Findlaw.com.au. (2016).The Corporate Policeman: ASICs powers of investigation and prosecution. [online] Available at: https://www.findlaw.com.au/articles/892/the-corporate-policeman-asic8217s-powers-of-invest.aspx [Accessed 29 Sep. 2016]. Macleod v Australian Securities and Investments Commission[2002]HCA p.37. Rich v Australian Securities and Inverstments Commission[2004]HCA p.42. The Conversation. (2016).FactCheck: does ASIC already have the powers of a royal commission and more?. [online] Available at: https://theconversation.com/factcheck-does-asic-already-have-the-powers-of-a-royal-commission-and-more-57666 [Accessed 29 Sep. 2016].

My professional and academic goals related to wardens school of nursing free essay sample

My Professional and Academic Goals related to Waldens School of Nursing Perspectives I have been a nurse for 14 years, mostly in the Emergency Department, and have become aware of the growing population and the need for Family Nurse Practitioners (FNP’s). According to Walden’s University Catalog (DEC. 2013a), FNP’s are defined as â€Å"advanced practice registered nurses with the knowledge and skills to assess and manage health issues in patients of all age groups, from birth through senior years. † My goal as a FNP is to provide advanced health care with a holistic approach including: disease prevention, health maintenance, health promotion, restorative care, and a positive social change. I have chosen Walden University through high recommendations from my colleagues. They have enlightened me on the positive impact Walden School of Nursing has made in their personal and professional careers. Walden’s vision and mission statement reinforced my decision to become a part of the Walden Family Nurse Practitioner School of Nursing. We will write a custom essay sample on My professional and academic goals related to wardens school of nursing or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page According to Walden University Catalog (DEC. 2013b) their vision is focused on a distinctive different 21st –century learning community that provides immediate solutions of critical societal challenges and advancing global good. My vision agrees that healthcare professionals need to focus on advanced 21st century technology and the societal challenges that arise and promote a positive social change. Walden University Catalog (DEC.2013b) defines positive social change â€Å"as a deliberate process of creating and applying ideas, strategies, and actions to promote the worth, dignity, and development of individuals, communities, organizations, institutions, cultures, and societies. Positive social change results in the improvement of human and social conditions. † I plan to implement social change with the knowledge and education that the Walden School of Nursing provides while supporting and recognizing the many cultures in the community.

Strategies for Improving Sentences on SAT Writing

Strategies for Improving Sentences on SAT Writing SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Improving sentences is the biggest subsection in SAT Writing. There are 49 total multiple choice questions on the SAT Writing section, and 25 of those are improving sentences questions. Arming yourself with specific strategies to answer these questions will be extremely beneficial to you and your SAT Writing score. In this post, I’ll do the following: Offer a general approach to use for answering sentence improvement questions. Detail the most common errors and clues for locating them. Show you how to correct the most common grammar errors. Provide example questions. General Approach to Improving Sentences For each improving sentences question, you should follow the same general approach to help ensure that you have an efficient method to consistently select the correct answer. By following these steps, you'll become less likely to make careless mistakes and more likely to arrive at the right answer in a timely manner. #1: Read the Sentence and Try to Identify Any Specific Errors in the Underlined Portion When you first read through the sentence, attempt to locate specific errors based on your knowledge of the grammar rules that are tested on the SAT Writing section. #2: Eliminate Obvious Wrong Answer Choices Eliminate any choices that are clearly wrong. If an answer choice creates another grammatical error or does not address the error you identified in the original answer choice, then you can immediately eliminate that answer choice as an option. Don't eliminate an answer choice solely because it sounds wrong. For all of the multiple choice SAT Writing questions, rely primarily on your knowledge of grammatical rules. #3: If You Don't Notice Anything Wrong With the Original Sentence, Look at the Answer Choices to Determine if You Overlooked an Error Sometimes reading the answer choices will make the error in the original sentence more apparent. Also, if an answer choice is more concise than the underlined portion of the original sentence and grammatically correct, then that will be the right answer. #4: Plug the Phrase in the Answer Choice Back Into the Original Sentence If an answer choice looks like it could be right, plug the phrase back into the original sentence. Sometimes reading the whole sentence will allow you to more easily determine if an answer choice is correct or if it creates an additional error. Use this step to verify your selection or testan answer choice you're unsure about. #5: Go Through The Answer Choices Until You Locate the Correct Improvement or Determine that No Change is Needed Your work is done once you find the answer choice that fixes the error in the original sentence and does not create an additonal error. You can quickly look at the remaining choices to verify that you have selected the best answer. If, after looking through the answer choices, you determine that the original sentence is correct, then select answer choice A, which is always the same as the underlined portion of the original sentence. Keep in mind that answer choice A will be right about 10%-20% of the time. Now that we have a general approach for sentence improvement questions, we can look at the specific grammar errors that repeatedly appear in the sentences in this subsection. I'll let you know the clues for spotting these errors and how to improve sentences that contain them. Read below for all the grammar rules you need to know for improving sentences. The Specific Grammar Errors: Signs and Improvements I arranged these grammatical errors by how often they tend to appear in sentence improvement questions, with the more common errors first and the least common ones last. All of these errors have appeared on previous SATs, and you should be familiar with all of these rules. Wordiness If a sentence suffers from wordiness, it is not written in the most concise grammatically correct way. Here are some tips for how to locate a wordy sentence. Signals Wordy sentences often contain gerunds in the underlined portion. Also, these sentences tend to employ the commonly used wordy phrases referenced in the article on wordiness. Once you spot a wordy sentence, it can generally be corrected in the following ways. Improvements Remember that the most concise grammatically correct answer choice will be right. Refer to the article on wordiness for the typical corrections to the commonly used wordy phrases. Parallelism Parallelism refers to the grammar rule that requires you to use the same pattern of words for two or more words or ideas in a sentence. Errors in parallelism occur when items in a list or phrases before and after a conjunction are not written in the same grammatical form. Check out the clues for identifying a parallel structure question. Signals A sentence is likely testing your knowledge of parallelism if the underlined portion is part of an "x, y, and z" list construction. Additionally, if an underlined phrase follows a conjunction, it often includes a parallel structure error. Because they're more difficult, parallelism questions tend to be found near the end of the subsection. Improvements To correct parallelism errors, put items in a list or phrases before and after a conjunction in the same grammatical form. For example, if two items in a list are in the gerund form, then the third item should be in the gerund form as well. Faulty Modifiers Another common grammar error on the improving sentences subsection is the faulty modifier. The basic rule regarding modifiers is that they must be placed next to the word they're modifying. So, how do you spot a faulty modifier? Signals Almost all of the faulty modifier questions deal with dangling modifiers. When a sentence begins with a modifying phrase, the intro must be immediately followed by a comma and then the noun it's describing. If the underlined phrase follows an introductory clause and a comma, make sure that the noun being described comes right after the comma. Improvements Place modifiers next to the words they describe. For the common dangling modifier questions, the noun being described should be placed right after the comma. Pronoun Agreement On the SAT, pronoun agreement means that pronouns must always have a clear antecedent and agree with the nouns they replace. Signals If a pronoun is part of the underlined phrase, look for errors in pronoun agreement. You must be able to identify an antecedent and the pronoun must agree with its antecedent in number. Improvements Every pronoun on the SAT should have a clear antecedent. The antecedent is the noun that the pronoun refers to. If a pronoun doesn't have a clear antecedent, replace it with a noun or make sure that the improved sentence does give ita clear antecedent. Also, make sure to use singular nouns with singular antecedents and plural pronouns with plural antecedents. My favorite pronoun Idioms/Wrong Word For questions related to idioms or word choice, you have to know how to properly construct idiomatic expressions and how to properly use specific words. These questions often do not correspond with a grammar rule and are the only ones where you may have to rely on what sounds right to correctly answer the question. Signals The idioms on the SAT tend to involve prepositions, gerunds, and infinitives. If any of these parts of speech are underlined, make sure that any idiomatic expression in the phrase is properly constructed. If one word of a word pair is in the underlined phrase, that can also signal a wrong word error.Common word pairs include "not only...but also", "both...and", "either..or", and "neither...nor". Note that conjunctions or adverbs in the underlined phrase can signal a word choice error as well. Improvements Typically, an improperly constructed idiomatic expression can be fixed by changing the preposition or the verb form. Word pair errors can be corrected by replacing the word that doesn't belong in the word pair with the word that does. For example, change "either...and" to "either...or." Make sure that the words in the underlined phrase express the intended meaning of the sentence. If the sentence shows contrast, then there should be a word like "but", "despite", or "although" in the sentence that indicates contrast. Run-Ons A run-on sentence (coming soon) consists of two or more complete thoughts that are not separated by the proper punctuation. Signals Usually, you'll find a run-on sentence created by a comma splice. Two complete thoughts will be separated by a comma. Improvements You can fix the comma splice by changing the comma to a semicolon. Or, you can change the construction of the sentence so that the comma is no longer separating two complete thoughts. Fragments A sentence fragment (coming soon) doesn't express a complete thought. Signals Sentence fragments often have a gerund or relative pronoun in the underlined phrase. Occasionally, a participle will be in the underlined portion and the sentence won't have a verb. Improvements Get rid of the relative pronoun or replace gerunds and participles with verbs. Make sure the improved sentence has a verb and expresses a complete thought. Subject-Verb Agreement Subject-verb agreement is a rule that states that all subjects must agree with their verbs in number. Singular subjects take singular verbs. Plural subjects take plural verbs. Signals If a verb is underlined, especially if the answer choices have different present/present perfect tense conjugations, then you should check for a subject-verb agreement error. Improvements Change the verb from plural to singular or from singular to plural. Just a few more rules to go Verb Forms Verb form (coming soon) questions will test you on verb tenses, gerunds, and infinitives. You need to know which tense and verb form to use in a given sentence. Signals Verb form questions will have a verb, gerund, or infinitive in the underlined phrase. The answer choices will have different different verb forms. Improvements Follow consistency rules with verbs and make sure that all verb tenses are being used properly. In sentences with gerunds or infinitives, verify that all idiomatic expressions are constructed correctly. Relative Pronouns Relative pronouns (coming soon) are "who", "whom", "whose", "which", "where", "when", and "that". Relative pronouns must agree with the nouns they're replacing. For example, use "where" when referring to places and "when" when referring to a specific time. Signals If a relative pronoun is part of the underlined phrase, then there may be a relative pronoun error. Improvements Make sure you use the proper relative pronoun for the noun that is being replaced and that the pronoun has a clear antecedent. Occasionally, you will have to remove a relative pronoun to fix a sentence fragment. Illogical Comparisons The rule for illogical comparisons is that you can only compare equivalent things. Signals The underlined phrase will often follow a word in the comparative form. In every illogical comparison question, there will be a comparison in the sentence. Improvements Make sure the sentence is comparing like things. For example, you have to compare books to books and people to people. You can't compare a book to a person. Noun Agreement Noun agreement means that a singular person/thing can't be a plural noun and vice versa. Incorrect: John and Sarah want to become a doctor. Correct: John and Sarah want to become doctors. Signals Multiple nouns in a sentence, including one in the underlined phrase, can signal a noun agreement error. Improvements When necessary, make sure nouns agree in number. Now that we're familiar with all of the specific grammar rules covered on the improving sentences subsection, here are some more general rules to keep in mind. General Tips The Most Concise Answer is Often Right Underlined phrases in sentence improvement questions will often be awkward and wordy. Focus on selecting the clearest, most concise answer choice. Consistency is Key Many of the grammar errors have to do with inconsistency. Errors in parallelism, verb forms, and comparisons can often be fixed by focusing on consistency. Gerunds, Especially "Being", Often Signal an Error Sentence improvement questions tend to use gerunds to create fragments, wordiness, and idiom errors. If a gerund is part of an underlined phrase, make sure the gerund is being used correctly. Use these tips to answer actual questions from the SAT Writing section. Real SAT Examples We're going to use the grammar rules and strategies you've just learned to answer the followingsentence improvement question. First, let's try to identify any errors in the underlined portion of the sentence. The presence of the gerunds "tempting" and "straining" signals that there is likely a parallelism, fragment, or wordiness error. After reading the entire sentence, you should recognize that it lacks a main verb and is not expressing a complete thought. As such, this sentence is a fragment. One possible way to correct this error would be to change the gerunds to verbs, so let's keep that in the back of our minds as we go through the answer choices. Immediately, we can get rid of A and D because they keep "tempting" in the gerund form, and thusdon't fix the error. Answer choice B fixes the fragment by changing "tempting" to "tempt" but creates a word choice error. The correct word pair is "not only...but also" rather than "not only...but then." Upon first glance, answer choice C might look correct, but you should always make sure that every verb is in the proper form and tense. The subject of the sentence is "demands", which is plural. Therefore, the verb should be in the plural form. The verbs "tempts" and "strains" are in the singular form, so answer choice C creates an error in subect-verb agreement. We're left with answer choice E. The verbs "tempt" and "strain" are consistent and they agree with the subject. The resulting sentence is no longer a fragment and there is no additional error. The correct answer is E. We'll use the same process to answer another real SAT question from the improving sentences subsection. Again, we'll start by trying to find the error in the underlined portion. The first word "was" is a verb. Remember to make sure all underlined verbs are in the correct form and agree with their subjects. The subject of this sentence is "two", which is plural, but the verb is "was", which is in the singular form. There is an error in subject-verb agreement. After looking at the answer choices, we can get rid of A, B, and C right away since none of those choices correct the subject-verb agreement error. Those eliminations leave just choices D and E, both of which replace "was" with the correctly conjugated verb, "were." However, D also includes the exra word "the," so it is less clear and concise than E. Remember that the most concise grammatically correct answer choice will be correct. The answer is E. What's Next? Read this article to learn the big secret to SAT Writing. If you want more review on all of the grammar rules tested on the SAT Writing section, check out the complete guide to SAT Writing grammar and what's actually tested on SAT Writing. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points? Check out our best-in-class online SAT prep program. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your SAT score by 160 points or more. Our program is entirely online, and it customizes what you study to your strengths and weaknesses. If you liked this Writing and grammar lesson, you'll love our program. Along with more detailed lessons, you'll get thousands ofpractice problems organized by individual skills so you learn most effectively. We'll also give you a step-by-step program to follow so you'll never be confused about what to study next. Check out our 5-day free trial:

Impacts of the work conditions, job satisfaction, and retention Research Paper - 1

Impacts of the work conditions, job satisfaction, and retention outcomes in Nursing - Research Paper Example Satisfied nursing professionals exhibit higher work productivity, less absenteeism, efficient patient care process and improvement in the quality of health care due to reduction of medication errors. Hospital managers should ensure that nurses exercise their autonomy and also health professionals collaborate in order to enhance the patient care outcomes. Nurses play a critical role in determining the effectiveness and sustainability of the health care provision (Bae, 2008). It is vital for nurses to have good working conditions in order to perform their duties effectively. However, it is crucial also to understand what motivates nurses to exert additional efforts in their work. Unsupportive work environment is associated with subjective stress, anxiety, and hostility towards work thus hindering effective patient care. High job satisfaction is exhibited by a willingness to exert more efforts in the provision of patient care. Poor working conditions de-motivate the nurses thus leading to higher turnover (Jernigan, 2008). In addition, higher turnover negatively affects the health care quality thus ultimately leading to more patient falls and high disease incidents (Daly, Speedy & Jackson, 2004). Job dissatisfaction has consistently been cited as one of the contributing factors to high nurse turnover in many health facilities. Other outcomes of job dissatisfaction in the nursing profession include high absenteeism, low worker productivity, increased patient accidents and medication errors in the health facility (Daly, Speedy & Jackson, 2004). All these outcomes of job dissatisfaction impede the efficiency and effectiveness of nursing care delivery thus threatening the health care of patients. Job satisfaction encompasses the attitudes and emotions of the nurse towards their work. Some causes of job dissatisfaction include huge workloads, long working hours, low

Routing Protocols for Ad-hoc Wireless Network Dissertation

Routing Protocols for Ad-hoc Wireless Network - Dissertation Example IEEE 802.11g standard is also operational on a 2.4 GHz unlicensed frequency spectrum that offers a maximum Mbps rate of data by using Orthogonal Division Multiplexing in the frequency band. Chapter 3: Routing Protocols for Ad-hoc Wireless Network 3.1. Routing Protocols As stated previously in this paper, an ad-hoc mobile network refers to a number of wireless mobile hosts linked together to form a network of temporary nature without using any centralized control or stand-alone infrastructure [18]. MANETs are not multi-hop wireless networks that are only self-configuring but also self-organizing, in which the network structure changes dynamically, primarily, because of the portability of the nodes [22]. Such networks have their nodes use the uniform random access wireless channel in order to get involved in multi-hop broadcasting by cooperating with each other in a friendly manner. These nodes serve as both hosts as well as routers routing data to and from other nodes within MANET [21 ]. Since the MANETs have no support of the infrastructure as opposed to the other wireless networks and there is a possibility of a destination node not being found within the range of the source-node-network of the forwarding packets, hence a mechanism for routing is compulsorily required for determining a path in order to transmit the packets properly from the node of the source to the node of the destination. Commonly, a base station in mobile network within a cell can access all the wireless nodes without the mechanism of routing through the broadcasting method whereas in the MANETs, each node should be transmitting the data on behalf of the other nodes. This gives rise to other issues besides the issue of unpredictable connectivity changes related to dynamic topology (Schiller, 2000). 3.2. Issues with Routing in MANETs Asymmetric links: Many wired networks are based on the fixed symmetric links as opposed to the MANETs where the nodes are wireless and also, dynamic as they keep changing their network position. As for instance, consider a MANET having a node B transmitting a signal towards node A. This information tells nothing in relation to the quality or level of the connection in the reverse order that is sending signal back to node B from node A (Schiller, 2000). Overhead in the Routing Mechanism: The nodes, in a MANET, are dynamic with respect to their network location as mentioned above. Hence, a number of invalid paths are produced in the routing table accounting for excessive overhead. Interference: Interference is a big issue in MANETs since the links are made and broken on the basis of the transmission properties, subsequent to which one transmission might intervene or intrude in another line of transmission causing the corresponding node to tap the communication of the nodes in other transmission lines and thereby, falsify the overall system of transmission. Dynamic Network Topology: This is another issue of great concern in MANET routing as th e topology keeps on changing. The nodes of the MANET are dynamic since the change their network location and also, the medium has the changing/dynamic properties. The routing tables, in the MANETS, must be able to indicate such changes taking place in the network topology by adapting the appropriate routing algorithms. As for instance, the routing table is updated in every 30 seconds in a fixed network (Schiller, 2000). On the other hand, the updating frequency for the ad-hoc networks might be very low. 3.3. Various Network Protocols in MANET’s and their Comparisons Although the network protocols in MANETS can be classified in numerous ways however many of these are performed on the basis of both the routing mechanism and the network structure [20]. In accordance to the routing mecha

Marketing plan to promote the music album & EP Essay

Marketing plan to promote the music album & EP - Essay Example Tiago Cerqueira: Tiago is the rock star of the classic, ballad and R&B. His ideas are wild, borderline insane, but it always hits the spot. He doesn’t follow rules and certainly doesn’t teach them. The digital generation, although extremely open on different ideas, is also extremely selfish. They may give you five seconds of their time but the only way they will give you the sixth second and the succeeding one is when it becomes about them. Launch the Participation Project. â€Å"The Most Amazing Video† project will be launch. I am not sure what his first single is going to be. I just assumed it’s the song he sang in the video. The idea is to ask people to submit a photo, a message, or a video of the people they think are amazing in their life and explain why. They can do it by emailing, tagging the artist on facebook or Twitter. Those photos, videos and messages will be used for the first official music video of Mike L.’s first single. Unfortunately, I don’t think anyone has ever done a video like this so I can’t provide a peg but that means the idea is original. For Tiago, the concept of the video should follow his first single. For example, if his first single is about failures, then he can create a video featuring the most painful moments of people. It doesn’t have to call for submissions. He can harvest data from the web. For example, harvest tweets of different people talking about failures, or photos featuring failures (again, that is if his first single is about failure. The theme will adjust accordingly). Forums like radiomute.com, musicbanter.com, keepmusicalive†¦ just make sure that you establish your identity early before posting links to the album or the mods will delete and ban your IP. You might need to pay someone to do this but forums are major traffic drivers. There are online marketers who have accounts to different forums, you can pay them to mention you on these sites and drive interest towards the

Henrik Isbens A Dolls House :: A Dolls House Essays

A DOLL’S HOUSE   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Believe it or not money is a big thing in a couples relationship. One of the themes in the play, A Doll’s House, was about money. In the play, money had a lot to do with the breaking of a relationship. The relationship was between Nora and Torvald a married couple. Their was a big thing that had to do with money that I will be discussing later in this essay.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  On page 5, Torvald is asking the question, â€Å"What are little people called that are always wasting money?† Nora then answers, â€Å"Spendthrifts†. Nora by no means I think was truly a spendthrift. She was only given enough money by her husband at any given time to get only what she needed. She couldn’t go and get what she really wanted. She had to go out and get the necessities a family needed like clothes. I’m not saying she didn’t want to go out and spend money. Mostly only the men worked in this time period so its not like it was easy to get extra money.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Torvald was the man of the family. The man of the family was mostly the sole income of the family. He didn’t like wasting or spending money. He really cared about money and invested it in the right ways. He was so happy when he found out he was getting a promotion for a better job and salary with the bank. That meant a better appearance and a lot more money. He thought everything was going to be perfect.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Nora had a secret that whole play that Torvald didn’t know about. Nora saved his life by taking him out on a long vacation away from everything so he could clear his mind at a very bad time. She told Torvald the money really came from her Papa. The money really came from a loan she took out from Kogstad that was forged. Krogstad was a former bank employee and long friend of Torvald’s. Torvald was very angry when he first found out of this because he was scared of his appearance, but when Krogstad met a old girl friend of his he didn’t worry about the loan. Henrik Isben's A Doll's House :: A Doll's House Essays A DOLL’S HOUSE   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Believe it or not money is a big thing in a couples relationship. One of the themes in the play, A Doll’s House, was about money. In the play, money had a lot to do with the breaking of a relationship. The relationship was between Nora and Torvald a married couple. Their was a big thing that had to do with money that I will be discussing later in this essay.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  On page 5, Torvald is asking the question, â€Å"What are little people called that are always wasting money?† Nora then answers, â€Å"Spendthrifts†. Nora by no means I think was truly a spendthrift. She was only given enough money by her husband at any given time to get only what she needed. She couldn’t go and get what she really wanted. She had to go out and get the necessities a family needed like clothes. I’m not saying she didn’t want to go out and spend money. Mostly only the men worked in this time period so its not like it was easy to get extra money.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Torvald was the man of the family. The man of the family was mostly the sole income of the family. He didn’t like wasting or spending money. He really cared about money and invested it in the right ways. He was so happy when he found out he was getting a promotion for a better job and salary with the bank. That meant a better appearance and a lot more money. He thought everything was going to be perfect.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Nora had a secret that whole play that Torvald didn’t know about. Nora saved his life by taking him out on a long vacation away from everything so he could clear his mind at a very bad time. She told Torvald the money really came from her Papa. The money really came from a loan she took out from Kogstad that was forged. Krogstad was a former bank employee and long friend of Torvald’s. Torvald was very angry when he first found out of this because he was scared of his appearance, but when Krogstad met a old girl friend of his he didn’t worry about the loan.

Code of Conduct and Ethical Standards Essay

Pursuant to the provisions of Section 12 of Republic Act No. 6713, otherwise known as the â€Å"Code of Conduct and Ethical Standards for Public Officials and Employees†, approved Dn February 20, 1989, and which took effect on March 25, 1989, conformably to Section 17 thereof, the following Rules are hereby adopted in order to carry out the provisions of the said Code: Rule I Coverage Section 1. These Rules shall cover all officials and employees in the government, elective and appointive, permanent or temporary, whether in the career or non-career service, including military and police personnel, whether or not they receive compensation, regardless of amount. Over the past 35 years, the number of government employees grew at a faster rate than did the population. Philippine population grew 160% between 1960 to 1997 but total government personnel more than doubled in size from the 360,000 employed in 1960. Expressed in terms of ratio to the total population, the growth in the size of the Philippine government personnel lends some firm basis for the popular perception of a bloated bureaucracy. In 1970, the ratio of government personnel to the total population is 1:90. By 1990, the ratio stood at 1:52. The most telling indicator of the period of rapid expansion of the bureaucracy is reflected in the growth rate of government’s cash disbursements for personal services. Yearly incremental rates between 1980 to 1991 were in double figures, averaging 21% during the 11-year period, and grew as high as 35.8% in 1984-1985. In the immediately preceding years, the increase in government expenditures for personal services is accounted for by th e implementation of the second phase of the Salary Standardization Law which provided for yearly increase in basic salaries of government personnel over four years. This is because since  1992, growth in size has been arrested due to the combined effects of a number of right-sizing initiatives which include: the 5-year effectivity of RA 7041 or the Attrition Law; agency-specific streamlining programs; changes in budgetary allotments which funded only the filled positions; and to some extent, the exit of positions in the disposed or privatized units of government. In the last four years, increases in number of personnel have been attributed to the population-based personnel teachers and policemen and to the local government units, the last due to devolution by the national government of certain functions and activities. Outside of those classes of personnel, the increase in national employees (NGAs) and those employed by government-owned or controlled corporations (GOCCs) has switched into a decelerating mode. The size, distribution, and general profile of government are given in statistical data derived from the yearly inventory of government personnel conducted by the Commission. The inventory is based on actual occupancy of positions at the end of each year. Rule II Interpretation Section 1. These Rules shall be interpreted in the light of the Declaration of Policy found in Section 2 of the Code: â€Å"It is the policy of the State to promote a high standard of ethics in public service. Public officials and employees shall at all times be accountable to the people and shall discharge their duties with utmost responsibility, integrity, competence and loyalty, act with patriotism and justice, lead modest lives, and uphold public interest over personal interest.† Ethics is gaining prominence in the discourse about governance today. There is a perception that standards in public life are in decline. This raises questions about the costs of misconduct on the part of those who have been entrusted with guarding public interest and resources. These costs are losses in trust and confidence in public institutions and losses in precious resources which were meant to support the economic and social development of  nations and peoples. There is a move worldwide to restore a measure of trust and integrity in public institutions and officials, to safeguard democracy and promote better governance. It could be argued that the perception of a fall in public standards is linked to the shifting role of the state, which is undergoing tremendous reform. Globalization, technological advances, spreading democratization and fiscal crises are challenging states to deal with strong external forces, be smart in serving its citizenry, devolve power, and divest itself of obsolete activities. As a result, the public service, as an institution, is under pressure to transform itself to respond to these changes. As public servants are asked to take on new and sometimes conflicting roles, there is a need for a cost-effective structure and an encouraging culture to enforce standards and guide their behavior. Under a democracy such as in the Philippines, the people’s fundamental faith in the integrity of political institutions is what holds the system together even under the most difficult times. The present situation in the Philippines is a test of this principle. Whether or not the test is passed with success is a matter yet to be seen. However, at this stage, what could be gainfully learned from present experience is the knowledge that people’s trust seems to lie on the existence of ethics and accountability mechanisms and infrastructure. As shown and proven with quite a measure of success by many studies, ethics and accountability are keys not only to effective government but also to effective governance. The following discussions deal with some of the infrastructures and initiatives in the Philippines. The 1987 Constitution of the Philippines provides the basis of ethical and accountable behavior in the public sector. Section 1 of Article XI states that: Public office i s a public trust. Public officers and employees must at all times be accountable to the people, serve them with utmost responsibility, integrity, loyalty, and efficiency, act with patriotism and justice, and lead modest lives. This provision requires every public official and employee to exhibit and live certain values while in government service. In addition, the State has been mandated by the Constitution to â€Å"maintain honesty and integrity in the public service and take positive and  effective measures against graft and corruption†. In 1989, the Philippine legislature passed Republic Act No. 6713, a law embodying the Code of Conduct and Ethical Standards for Public Officials and Employees. The Code spells out in fine detail the do’s and don’ts for government officials and employees in and out of the workplace. These do’s and don’ts are encapsulated in the eight norms of conduct to be observed by all government officials and employees. These norms or standard s are: †¢ Commitment to public interest †¢ Professionalism †¢ Justness and sincerity †¢ Political neutrality †¢ Responsiveness to the public †¢ Nationalism and patriotism †¢ Commitment to democracy †¢ Simple living The Code, likewise, introduced some reforms in the administrative systems like giving heads of agencies the responsibility of ensuring there is a value development program for their employees; continuing studies on work systems and procedures with the end in view of improving the delivery if public services; and, mandating the designation of a resident Ombudsman in every department, office and agency. Incentives and rewards system has also been put in place. Another comprehensive law passed to address and curb the commission of malfeasance in government is Republic Act No. 3019 or the Anti-Graft and Corrupt Practices Act. In Section 1 of this law, it states that: It is the policy of the Philippine Government, in line with the principle that a public office is a public trust, to repress certain acts of public officer and private persons alike which constitute graft and corrupt practices which may lead thereto. This law specifies eleven (1 1) instances of corrupt practices in addition to acts or omissions already penalized by existing laws. The legal infrastructure that prescribes ethical conduct of; public servants is reinforced by political commitment. This political commitment, while difficult to benchmark, has been demonstrated by some policy pronouncements.  Quite significant are the ten-point action agenda of the present Administration and the Medium-Term Development Plan (2000 2004) or Angat Pinoy 2004 which embody the framework for the country’s socioeconomic development. The agenda and the MTDP place the implementation of a sustained training and orientation program on anti-graft and corrupt practices and laws, and on the Ethical Standards Act of Public Officials and Employees among the Administration’s priorities to reduce graft and corruption and exact high standards of ethics in government. Proceeding from this, departments and agencies of the executivebranch have set up and implemented various programs that aim to eliminate bureaucratic red tape. One-stop action centers are now being promoted and institutionalized in the agencies. The legal infrastructure and political commitment are supported and complemented by the existence of oversight institutions. The creation of the oversight institutions that deal with issues of ethics, accountability, graft and corruption are mandated by the Constitution. The common feature of these institutions is they enjoy a substantive degree of fiscal autonomy in the sense that they are not subject to the fiscal controls of the executive. The budget is directly released to these institutions and the heads are authorized to realign savings from their budget. They also have quasi-judicial powers in that they can adjudicate and decide cases and enforce their own decisions, including the imposition of sanctions which may include suspension from office or even dismissal from government service. In the Philippines, the three constitutionally mandated oversight institutions are the Civil Service Commis sion, the Office of the Ombudsman and the Commission on Audit. The Civil Service Commission is the central personnel agency of the government. Under Section 3, Article IX-B of the Constitution, the CSC is mandated to â€Å"establish career service and adopt measures to promote morale, efficiency, integrity, responsiveness, progressiveness, and courtesy in the civil service.† It is also tasked to â€Å"institutionalize a management climate conducive to public accountability.† CSC’s effort involves in enforcing ethics and accountability of line agencies basically involves three approaches. One approach is regulatory, the other, corrective, and the last one, developmental. The first approach addresses compliance of-agencies with policies and standards on HRD systems set by the CSC. For instance, CSC prescribes qualification standards for  each and every position in the Philippine government. Non-compliance with the QS by agencies in the processing of appointments of their staff results in the disapproval by the CSC of such ap pointments.But, apart from the substantive requirements for practically all kinds of personnel actions such as the publication requirement and the promotion and selection board processes. Non-compliance with the procedural requirements constitutes ground for corrective or even punitive action. The second approach deals with disciplinary actions against official or employee for infractions committed in relation to the performance of his/her official functions. The Administrative Code of 1987 or Executive Order No. 292 outlines the various acts that are subject to administrative disciplinary proceedings. However, administrative discipline is not a function within the exclusive jurisdiction of CSC. Agency heads as well as the Office of the Ombudsman also have the authority to proceed against erring government officials and employees. The third approach is developmental and will be discussed later in the succeeding paragraph. The Office of the Ombudsman acts as a prosecutor against those charged with the violation of RA 3019, RA 6713 and the law against ill-gotten wealth, among others. It is mandated to investigate and prosecute the criminal liability of public officials and employees involved in graft and corruption. The Commission on Audit is the fiscal watchdog of the government. COA is responsible for ensuring legal and proper disbursement of public funds and preventing irregular, unnecessary, or extravagant expenditures or usage of public funds. It also has quasi-judicial powers. All these oversight institutions enforce accountability ethic in government. There have been numerous initiatives in promoting ethics and accountability in the public sector. As shown in the earlier discussions, all the above mechanisms focus on exacting as well as developing ethics and accountability consciousness in government officials and employees. The other approach that will be given emphasis in the discussion are the various developmental initiatives, which are within the area of knowledge and competence of the CSC. Rule III Reforms on Public Administrative Systems Section 1. Every department, office and agency shall, as soon as practicable and in no case later than ninety (90) days from the effectivity of these rules, start conducting value development programs for its officials and employees in order to strengthen their commitment to public service and help promote the primacy of public interest over personal interest in the performance of their duties. Such programs and other parallel efforts on value development shall include, among other things, the following subjects: (a) Ethical and moral values; (b) Rights, duties and responsibilities of public servants (c) Nationalism and patriotism; (d) Justice and human rights; (e) Democracy in a free and just society; (f) Philippine history. Culture and tradition; and (g) Socio-economic conditions prevailing in the country, especially in the depressed areas, and the need for a code of Conduct and Ethical Standards. Continuing refresher courses and seminars and/or workshops to promote a high standard of ethics in public service shall be conducted. Section 2. Professional, scientific, technical trainings and education programs shall enhance to the highest degree, professionalism, excellence, intelligence and skills in the performance and discharge of duties and responsibilities of officials and employees. These programs shall be conducted in all offices of the government and may include subjects that are enumerated in the preceding section. Section 3. It is the responsibility of every head of department, office and agency to ensure that officials and employees attend the value development program and participate in parallel value development efforts. Section 4. Every department, office and agency shall conduct continuing studies and analyses of their work systems and procedures to improve delivery of public services. Towards this end, such studies and analyses shall: (1) identify systems and procedures that lead or contribute to negative bureaucratic behavior; (2) simplify rules and procedures to avoid red tape; and (3) devise or adopt systems and procedures that promote official and employee morale and satisfaction. Each department, office or agency shall develop a service guide or its functional equivalent which  shall be regularly updated and made available to the transacting public. A workflow chart showing procedures or flow of documents shall likewise be posted in conspicuous places in the department, office or agency for the information and guidance of all concerned. Upon request, the Department of Budget and Management shall assists departments, offices and agencies in the evaluation and adoption of work systems and procedures that will institutionalize a management climate conducive to public accountability. Section 5. Every department, office and agency shall consult the public they serve for the purpose of gathering feedback and suggestions on the efficiency, effectiveness and economy of services. They shall establish mechanisms to ensure the conduct of public consultations and hearings. Section 6. Every department, office and agency shall continuously conduct research and experimentation on measures and adopt innovative programs which will provide motivation to officials and employees in raising the level of observance of public service ethical standards. Section 7. Every department, office and agency shall, appoint or designate a resident Ombudsman, who shall act immediately on all request for public assistance referred to him by the Ombudsman and his Deputies. He shall be held accountable for the disposition of all requests for assistance. Section 8. Government officials shall make themselves available to their staff for consultations and dialogues. In any industry the success of an organization is extremely dependent on its human resources. Although there are many other factors that play a key role, a company must have effective employees in order to stay financially solvent and competitive. In order to maintain this valuable commodity, organizations must be aware of employee satisfaction and retention. Many companies make the mistake of assuming that employees are only seeking financial benefits for their jobs. This assumption overlooks the high importance many people place on the intrinsic benefits of their careers. It is not only a mistake for employee satisfaction and retention, but it also has negative business consequences. Organizations must have employees who are able to quickly adapt to an ever-changing world market. Companies need to invest in on-going employee development in order to both keep employees and be successful. Employee development programs clearly play a significant role in employee satisfaction, which helps lead to employee retention. The Gallup study shows a clear link between training and job satisfaction. When people receive relevant and valuable training, they are generally happier in their jobs. When that training is carried to the next level and becomes overall development, employees tend to feel even more valued by their employers. They are not only given the tool to do their jobs well, but they are also given opportunities to develop new skills and attain career goals. Companies that invest in their employees and clearly communicate the importance of employees will keep employees. Although there are other factors that are important to job satisfaction and many reasons that employees may leave companies, development programs can still make a positive difference. They can make people feel like they are contributing to the organization’s success, which gives them intrinsic motivation to go to work everyday and do a good job. Companies that offer employee development programs enjoy the luxury of higher employee satisfaction and lower turnovers than those that do not invest in such endeavors. Although it is an investment, it is worthwhile for the returns. Employee Development programs benefit individuals as well as companies. Companies that do not offer on-going learning will not be able to keep with those that do. They may see times of financial gain, but they will lose in the race for intellectual capital. A company can only move as fast as its employees, so the ones that train and develop people will move much more quickly. Many companies view training as a time consuming burden that takes away from the time for employees to complete their job tasks. This concern may be true for companies that offer training in a vacuum and do not support it. However, those companies that offer employee development that is engrained throughout the organizational culture know that the money they put into training will hardly compare to the benefits they get out of it. Employee development can be viewed in two distinct ways. Either its primary purpose is to benefit the company and it is a side bonus that individuals get something out of it, or its primary purpose is to benefit individuals and it is a side bonus that the company gains from it. Either way, everyone wins. The ideal approach is to have equal emphasis on benefit to the company  and benefit to the employees because they are ultimately mutually beneficial to each other.

Ecotourism Local Singapore - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 14 Words: 4089 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Statistics Essay Did you like this example? A Case study of: Pulau Ubin Island, Singapore Introduction Background Many developing countries frequently use ecotourism as an excellent tool for promoting sustainable development. In many instance, ecotourism is suitable way to protect natural environment and create socio and economic benefit for the local community. What David Weaver says that interest in ecotourism is rationalized among tourism planners and marketers by number of potential assumption regarding sectors environmental, economic and socio cultural benefits (Weaver 1999). There are some ecotourism projects that support to the local community. On the other hand, many ecotourism projects have failed to address some fundamental issues and dont generate the very benefits that are expected to provide by ecotourism. Economic gain of ecotourism may turn into social and environmental damages when inadequately planned and implemented it. Anyhow, ecotourism has continued to gain popularity over the two decades and has developed into worldwide phenomena that show no signs of slowing down. The fact is that ecotourism is one of the rapid growing sectors in the tourism industry (Sharpley 2003). The demand for ecotourism is increasing at an annual rate of 10 to 30 percent (TIES 2000). In this circumstance, it is important to recognize possible physical environment, socio-cultural and economic impacts and its effectiveness as a strategy for sustainable development. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Ecotourism Local Singapore" essay for you Create order Problem statement There are lot of negative impact on the environment and local community due to unsustainable planning and management of ecotourism (Honey 1999). In rural areas, managing and controlling the development of ecotourism may be somewhat complex because of lack of experiences on the subject of the carrying capacity of the host destination. Therefore, it is necessary to have an assessment of potential physical environmental, socio-cultural, and economic impact of ecotourism for the planning of sustainable ecotourism development in an area. Further Analyzing the potential of ecotourism as a strategy for sustainable development of a particular area is important to carry on development activities in future. In that way, Pulau Ubin doesnt experience rapid urbanization like other parts of Singapore. Still it has its own nature and unspoiled environment. But, Singapore government implements several ecotourism development projects on this small island right now. Those projects are so much problema tic and controversial. There are strong voices regarding environmental protection of the Island. Thus, indentifying potential impacts of ecotourism and its compatibility for sustainable development must be studied in Pulau Ubin Island Singapore. Justification of the study According to available literature, ecotourism is growing rapidly in Singapore (Herbig). At the same time, one of the problems regarding ecotourism is that it is developed without satisfying knowledge of the impacts on local environments. It is a rather new type of tourism and yet there are few clear papers written in this field particularly about Pulau Ubin. Therefore, it is better studying about potential physical environmental, economic and socio-cultural impact of ecotourism and its compatibility for sustainable development in Pulau Ubin Island Singapore. Therefore this research attempts to fulfill these objectives as much as possible. Objectives of the research and research question Objectives of this research are To assess possible physical environmental, economic and socio-cultural impacts of ecotourism To investigate the potential of ecotourism as a strategy for local sustainable development. The following research question will be used to address the purposes of the research What kind of impacts are on the physical environment, economic and socio-cultural due to development of ecotourism? What sort of factors should be taken into account before introducing ecotourism in the Pulau Ubin Island? How ecotourism can be utilized as a tool for local sustainable development Study Area Pulau ubin is the second the largest, first one is Pulau Tekong, offshore island of Singapore. It is located in the strait of johor just opposite to Changi. Pulau Ubin has been described as being boomerang shaped. Pulau Ubin is about 8 Km length and 1.3 to 1.7 Km breadth with the area of 10.3 Km2. It is almost flat land. The highest point is Puaka hill. It is around 74m height from sea level. Pulau Sekudu or Frog Island (opposite Chek Jawa), and Pulau Ketam (opposite Ubin Lagoon Resort) are the two major offshore islets which are very near to the Pulau Ubin. There are several rivers which are meandering through Pulau Ubin in which Sungei Besar and Sungei Mamam are the main rivers. Pulau Ubin is made up mostly of granite. This controls the much of the activities of the island. Especially the name Pulau Ubin arises from this crucial geological structure. Pulau Ubin doesnt experience rapid urbanization and industrialization like main land of Singapore. Still it has its own traditional w ay of living. Most of the people inhabit with the scattered settlement model. Major portion of the population around two third is Chinese and rest is Indians and malays. Major activities of income are subsistence farming, commercial fishing and net-cage fisheries, prawn farming, coconut plantations and so on. This small island is very popular for leisure and recreation activities among local and international tourist. (https://www.wildsingapore.com/ubin/places/geography.htm). Figure 01 Map of the Study Area Methodology Research design Research design helps researcher to decide research approach. That is to say, either qualitative or quantitative or the combination of both. Further, research design put a basic for analyzing the collected data. This will lead the researcher to think of time availability, practical problems and so on (Kitchin and Tate 2000). There are no specific rules and regulations as to how to develop research design. When Kitchin and Tate (2000) point out regarding research design, it is very difficult to give a guideline as to how to design a research. Most of the time, research design is the outcome of the knowledge and imagination of the researcher (Kitchin and Tate 2000). This means, research design comes from researchers own view and judgment. Selection of the research methods will vary according to the nature of the research. Besides, a research method depends on the research problem, research question and experiences of researcher. Accordingly, I adopt qualitative methods in this research to perform well. A literature review will be done to get more information regarding this study. In fact, Secondary data will be used as a supportive data to the primary data. In this research, qualitative methods will be used as key method to get information since this is going to deal with environmental, Economic and socio cultural impact of the ecotourism. Most part of the research may deal with community based activities. Justification of the methodology The qualitative method that I choose in my research is based on the nature of the study. This research partially deals with social aspect. Therefore, qualitative method is considered more suitable to assess possible physical environmental, economic and socio-cultural impacts of ecotourism. Crang (2002) points out that Qualitative approaches have enabled the study of, and emphasized the importance of, seeing economic activity as a set of lived practices, assumptions and codes of behavior. Further, Qualitative method is used to understand the lived experience and to reflect on it and sharing the meaning of everyday social world and realities (Limb and Dwyer 2001). In addition, qualitative method is used to collect about the activities, behavior and problems that the people face in their daily context. Further, qualitative methodology is considered as good to study about the diverse view of the stakeholders in the ecotourism since it involves with many different stakeholders interest. W hen we are more stick on the multiple meaning, representation then qualitative methodology is useful one (Limb and Dwyer 2001). Further, qualitative methods will help me to make sure the date that I am going to obtain from different interview in the field. In fact, qualitative methods have its unique features as I mentioned above. But there are certain limitations in the qualitative methods. For instance, sometimes it may be bias. That is to say, there is possibility to have researchers influence in the finding of the research. When many researchers use qualitative methods in their research, theme may be same, but interpretation of the same theme will be in different point of view according to researchers background. When Kvale (1996) points out regarding researchers bias, he says that, there is lack of objectivity in the qualitative research. Objectivity means here is freedom from being bias. There is another critique about qualitative methods that, information for the research use to collect from very small amount of respondents. Therefore it will not represent whole population or the society. Data Types, Sources and Collection This research will be contained both primary and secondary data. Most of the researches and other articles which are related to the study will be reviewed as secondary data. For instance, previous research about the Pulau Ubin Island. Basically, both primary and secondary data will be used to prove the objective of the research. Secondary data will be functioned as more supportive data to the primary data. Methodology of research Methodologically, this study will be carried out in three phases. Phase I concerns the literature reviews. This will be accomplished through searching literature on tourism and ecotourism to discover the possible impacts of ecotourism on visited destinations. The literature review covers books, articles, and website data which will be systematically assessed to identify the three major areas of economic, socio-cultural, and physical environmental impacts on eco-tourist destinations and ecotourism as a strategy for local sustainable development. Primary factors of above mentioned areas will be identified that influence of ecotourism developments and their impacts on the local levels. Phase II applies the factors elaborated upon in Phase I to assess the Pulau Ubin Island. This will be done by using the data that I am going to collect in Pulau Ubin Island during the summer of 2008. The data collection will include observations, interviews with elected officials and some governmental and private business entities, tourists (if possible both international and national tourist) and some secondary data sources. Phase III these data will be assessed according to the identified factors for two purposes: first, to assess possible physical environment, Economic and Socio-cultural impacts of ecotourism in Pulau Ubin Island; second, to look into the potential of ecotourism as a strategy for local sustainable development. Sample selection Respondents will be selected by using snowball sampling methods to address the research question and objective of the study. Snowball sampling methods will help the researcher understanding of the problem and research question. For example, key informants will be selected based on their professional status to get more and more relevant information. Tourists will be selected randomly including local tourist. This will diminish some kind of inconveniences to the researcher. Primary data will be collected through around 30 semi-structured interviews that will conduct with 30 people from June 15th to August 15th 2008. These interviews include: 14 villagers, 3 owners of restaurant, 2 employees of the restaurant, 4 employees from companies that are working in the study area, a person from central environmental authority of Singapore, a person from Ministry of Environment of Singapore and 5 tourists (both international and local). Therefore a total of 30 interviews will be conducted and analyzed as part of this research. Semi-structured Key informant and individual interviews In this research, primary and data will be gathered by using semi structure interview and direct observation. Semi structured interviews will be used to collect data from both individual and key informants. Semi structured interviews acts as an effective tool for collecting basic information stakeholders regarding ecotourism. Qualitative methods are methodologically appealing because they allow a wide range of experiences to be documented, voices to be heard, representations to be made and interpretations to be extracted. Open ended qualitative interviews are, after all, the obvious way of allowing people to speak for themselves about their own view and experiences of the world (Limb and Dwyer 2001). When we have interviews it generates lots of information very quickly. So it helps researchers to handle lot of topics of the research at a time. Sometimes, qualitative interview helps us to clarify the problems raised by the interviewer. Always interviews are really good for studying pe oples understanding of meaning, describing their experiences, clarifying their own perspective on their day to day live (Kvale 1996). There are certain critiques on the in-depth and semi structured interviews. That is to say, in-depth and semi structured interviews are very much dependent on the skill of the interviewer. This means, amount of the expected data is based on the expression of the interviewer and how interviewer interacts with informant. In many instance, interview may divert into another direction due to the skill of argument or interest of the informant and sometime there is chance to mislead the interviewer by the key informant (Mikkelsen 2005). This is also one of the disadvantages of having interviews. In the in-depth interviews, it is very difficult to keep important question from omitting that can address our research objectives. Always researcher has to be very careful on the topic and related question when he conducts interviews. Good interviews require expertise in both subject matter and interaction (Kvale 1996). In addition, flexibility of researcher in sequences and words of the interview may affect the result of the informant namely there may be different answers from the different perspective (Mikkelsen 2005). All interviews in this research will be carried out with take into account all of these strength and weakness of the interview. Interview guides are formulated to conduct these interviews (see appendix 01). Participant Observation Other than interviews, participant observation will also be engaged. Participant observation activities contain living with a family in the community, working with them and spending time to understand their activities, behaviors and so on (Laurier 2003). In that way there are possibilities to attain in tourism activities, and meetings of local residents in Puau Ubin Singapore. Participant observation will be used to harmonize and support the interview process in three ways; first, it yields insights that assist in the formulation of questions for interviews. Second, it makes easy relationships with local residents. Finally, participant observation offers the opportunity to confirm or question the information gained through interviews. When Smith (2001) points out there are lots of thing that can only be obtained through participant observation. Participant observation and interviews are not separate activities, but mutually informative methods. When Kitchin and Tate (2000) point out that direct observation is an inductive method to obtain fruitful information. It is important to note, however, that in this research the interviews are the primary source of data, while participant observation plays a supporting role. Data analysis Data of this research will be analyzed according to the theoretical frame work and objective and research questions of this research. The collected data in this study will also be analyzed according to the theoretical framework of the research. The collected date from interviews will be transcribed and coded into theme in relation to the concept, theory and interviewees response and researchers observations. In addition, secondary data will be analyzed by using text analysis. Use of the secondary date will help us to get more understanding of ground situation of the field. Validity and reliability In qualitative research, validity and reliability are two most important factors that should be taken into account when designing, analyzing and evaluating quality of the research. Conclusion of the qualitative research should be very strong and natural to accept it without further doubt or confusion (Kitchin and Tate 2000). There should not be bias in order to get validity and reliability in qualitative research. Validity in qualitative research is a tool to make sure the logical order, foundation, and soundness of the research (Kitchin and Tate 2000). Validity depends on the nature of the theme that we investigated in the field (Kvale 1996). Normally, validity in qualitative research means that true and certain of findings. It can be motioned in anther way that validity measures the truthful of how far reached its intended objectives. Researcher uses series of question to maximize the validity of the research. Each question should be justified in relation to the objectives and rese arch questions of the research to establish validity. Most of the time, validity interlink with empirical knowledge of the subject and area of the research. Reliability is some sort of trustworthiness of the research and findings. Validity and reliability are the two side of a coin because there is no reliability without validity. Presentation of validity will be good enough to reliability later. Patton (2002) says that ability and skill of the researcher in a qualitative research will have major influence on the validity and reliability. In addition reliability will depend on the respondents answer. Form instance, some informant will be reluctant to answer for some sort of question and sometimes they give sort of wrong or biased information. Therefore this will reduce the level of reliability of the study. I have planned to use a combination of qualitative methods to minimize the risk of bias. I will use both semi structured and direct observation to collect primary data. It helps me to crosscheck the data that I am going to collect in the field. I will keep my position as research student and try my best to convince my respondents. And also I will follow the ethical concept of conducting research. Further, snowball sampling method that I am going to use in this research will help me to get more correct or useful informant. This will increase validity and reliability of this research. Besides, there may be some kind of short comes in the date collection and interpretation. It is extremely not easy to avoid some unexpected incidents in the field. I as a researcher will try my best to keep validity and reliability of this research. Limitations Since Ecotourism and sustainable development is a broad topic, it is difficult to include all aspects. Therefore this research has been limited to identifying potential environmental, social and economical impacts of ecotourism and also, analyzing the potential of ecotourism as a strategy for local sustainable development. The study area has been limited to an Island to have in-depth study. Field work period is limited to two months. Researcher (me) may face some kind of language barrier in the field. Most of them speak Chinese. But there are people who speak either Tamil or English. Therefore, I hope that I would be able to manage it. Since the study area is very new for the researcher, it may consume few days to get familiar with the area and people. Reference Crang, M. (2002) Qualitative methods: the new orthodoxy? Progress in Human Geography 26, 5 pp. 647-655. Honey, M. (1999). Ecotourism and Sustainable Development: Who Owns Paradise? Washington, D.C.: Island Press. Kitchin, R. and Tate, N. J. (2000). Conducting Research in Human Geography: Theory, Methodology and Practice, Pearson Education Limited, Essex. Kvale, S. (1996). Interviews: An Introduction to Qualitative Research Interviewing, Sage Publications, Lund. Legends of Ubin [Online]// Wildsingapore web site. 2003. 03 15, 2008. https://www.wildsingapore.com/ubin/places/geography.htm. Limb, M. and Dwyer, C. (2001). Qualitative Methodologies for Geographers: Issues and Debates. Oxford University Press, New York. Mikkelsen, B, (2005). Methods for Development Work and Research: A new guide for practitioners, SAGA Publications, New Delhi. Patton, M.Q. (2002). Qualitative Research and Evaluation Methods (3rd ed.), Sage Publication, London. Paul Herbig, P( ?) CULTURE Influlences ON ECOTOURISM PARTICIPATION Marketing and the Environment Lecture Series Lecture 4: available at www.herbigandsons.com/lecture/Ecotourism.doc reviewed on 2008/04/21. Sharpley, R. (2003). Tourism: Tourists Society, ELM publication,Cambridgeshire. Smith, V. L., and Eadington, W. R. (ed) (1992). Tourism Alternatives: Potentials and Problems in the Development of Tourism, New York, John Wiley. The International Ecotourism Society, (2000) Ecotourism Statistical Fact Sheet, Journal of Travel Research. Available at https://www.ecotourism.org/WebModules/WebMember/MemberApplication/onlineLib/MemberApplication/onlineLib/Uploaded/Ecotourism%20Factsheet%202000.pdf reviewed on 2008/04/21. Weaver, D. B. (1999). Magnitude of Ecotourism in Costa Rica and Kenya, Annals of Tourism Research, 26(4), 792-816. Appendixes Appendix I Interview guide Individual Interview guide 01 Individual questions Your occupation? Your age? How long you are living in this area? What kind of economic benefits you gain from ecotourism in this island? What is your experience with ecotourism? Are you working in the tourism industry in this island? What economic activities are undertaken by your family members? What is your average income per month? How does ecotourism support you to improve standard of living? What is your perception on ecotourism in this island? General questions Is there any impact in this island due to ecotourism? Is there unemployment problem in this island? Could you observe any impacts on local employment in this island after set up ecotourism? How do the economic benefits from ecotourism support the services to the island? Most villagers are involved in which aspects of ecotourism? How do the villagers utilize their natural resources to support tourism? What are the local attitudes about sustainable ecotourism? What does the island still need to support sustainable ecotourism? How has the villagers quality of life been influenced by the advent of tourism? What are the negative impacts caused by tourism on the island? Key informant Interview guide 02 Individual questions When was these hotels established here? Why did you decide to establish ecotourism here? What is your experience with ecotourism? Have you observed any conflict related to community conservation? Do you think local people benefit from Ecotourism? How? General questions Who is the management authority? What is the source of funding for management of these hotels? What are the potential tourist attractions here? Where do visitors come from? International or local? What are the good and bad things about Ecotourism on the Pulau Ubin Island? Who is in charge of Ecotourism activities on the Pulau Ubin Island? What are the benefits and challenges about running ecotourism in this area? Does ecotourism contribute to the economic development on the Pulau Ubin Island? Does ecotourism contribute to conservation in the area? And How? What are the opportunities and constrains on livelihood or job in this area? What kind of challenges and opportunities are there in offering good services to the tourists? What types of outside influences are there in the ecotourism development? For instance political influence or public opinion on environment? Interview guide 03 For administrative officers What are the general objectives towards tourism? What are the specific objectives towards ecotourism development? What strategy (or policy) exists for ecotourism development in the Island? What legal documents exist to regulate tourism/ecotourism activities in the Island? What are the specific rules and regulations in these documents for tourism and ecotourism activities? What monitoring mechanisms have been put in place to monitor ecotourism development? What benefits have been realized in terms of ecotourism revenue (e.g. employment, conservation, services, other) for community development? What measures have been put in place to ensure that the local heritage is not threatened by the development of ecotourism in the area? Who are the major stakeholders involved in the management of the ecotourism in Pulau Ubin Island? What challenges have been faced with regard to ecotourism development in Pulau Ubin Island? What are the major constraints that inhibit ecotourism development in Pulau Ubin Island? What opportunities exist for ecotourism development in Pulau Ubin Island? What future plans exist for ecotourism development in this area? Interview guide for Tourist What are your motivations for visiting to this island? What did you like most during your stay on this island? What did you dislike about the stay here? What kind of gifts, souvenirs and services would you like to have available? What are you expectations from the trips to the island? Which elements of sustainable ecotourism do you believe the Island best meets? How did you travel to the area? What is your length of stay in this island? Number of people in your travel party to the island? How did you learn about the island ecotourism? Where are you from? What is your occupation? Who much money you are going to spend during your stay here? Age? Do you think you will travel to this island again? Do you have any other suggestion and comments of your visit? What do you think about ecotourism on the island? What are good things and bad things about ecotourism on the Pulau Ubin Island? Appendix II Work plan of report writing NO Program May 2008 June July August September October November December January February March April May June 2009 1. Proposal preparation X 2. Field work X X X 3. Literature review X X X X X X X 4. Writing outline X X 5. Organizing information X X 6. Analyzing X X X X 7. Organizing the report X X 8. First drat of the thesis X 9. Second draft of the thesis X 10. Finalizing the report X X 11. Submission of the report X 12. Preparation for viva X X